今天和大家分享的是閱讀題目中的常見(jiàn)細(xì)節(jié)題的一類(lèi)：事實(shí)信息題。細(xì)節(jié)題的解題方法可以歸納為閱讀題干查找關(guān)鍵詞然后回原文定位，接下來(lái)分別看這類(lèi)題型的具體解題方法的應(yīng)用。

提問(wèn)方式

According to paragraph1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.? / According to paragraph… why / how / what….?

例：According to paragraph 1, why is play difficult to define?

分析：通過(guò)以上兩種不同提問(wèn)方式可以總結(jié)出該題型有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

1). 該題型是就某段話(huà)當(dāng)中的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息(即提問(wèn)方式1中的X)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。

2). 該題型可以圍繞該細(xì)節(jié)信息的不同方面進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，通過(guò)特殊疑問(wèn)詞which; what; why; how可以看出。

3). 由于題干中未出現(xiàn)infer; suggest; indicate等字樣，所以該題型旨在考察文本信息的字面含義，無(wú)需考生進(jìn)行文本的隱含意推理。

解題步驟

讀題干，找出定位詞

定位詞分析：

無(wú)論是和何種定位方式，定位詞大部分會(huì)選題干句子的主干或相應(yīng)的修飾部分，從詞性角度來(lái)說(shuō)大部分是名詞、形容詞、副詞或數(shù)字;名詞大部分是非主題性的名詞(當(dāng)然定位詞不一定只能找一個(gè)，一般可以找2到3個(gè)，因?yàn)槎ㄎ辉~越多相對(duì)定位的位置也會(huì)越精確。)

例如：According to paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge to researchers who study play behavior in animals? 定位詞選擇是a particular challenge，而不選play behavior，因?yàn)槲恼驴梢源笃目吹絣ay behavior。

通過(guò)題干中定位詞回原文進(jìn)行定位。

1) 定位詞是專(zhuān)有名詞時(shí)大部分為原文詞，定位詞為普通名詞時(shí)有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)非原文詞，此時(shí)只能在原文中找到相應(yīng)的同義詞或替代詞。

2)有時(shí)只看定位句和選項(xiàng)并不能直接快速選出答案，定位句前后2句，尤其是后面的幾句也有必要認(rèn)真看，再與定位句比較才能得出答案。可能定位句是觀(guān)點(diǎn)句而后面幾句是對(duì)定位句的細(xì)節(jié)解釋?zhuān)x項(xiàng)有可能出在定位句的后面2句。

例如：Paragraph 2: Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood. (TPO 30 Role of Play in Development)

According to paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge to researchers who study play behavior in animals?

分析：定位詞根據(jù)題干選a particular challenge & researchers, 在原文中考生們無(wú)法找到這兩個(gè)定位詞，但是可以找到challenge的同義替換形式difficult, 因此該句即是我們所需要的定位句。

Step 3: 比較定位句與選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，選出語(yǔ)義最接近的選項(xiàng)。

注意：1). 定位有可能很長(zhǎng)比較復(fù)雜，而選項(xiàng)比較短時(shí)，提取定位句中的關(guān)鍵詞然后和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行匹配，細(xì)節(jié)題切勿隨意推理。

練一練

例題1： Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterations associated with slow changes in the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate tectonics. Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, during which dinosaurs flourished), large shallow seas covered extensive areas of the continents. Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the nearby air, keeping it relatively constant.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate?

A. Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.

B. Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes.

C. The climate was very similar to today’s climate.

D. The climate did not change dramatically from season to season.

分析：首先定位詞是 Late Cretaceous climate, 屬于專(zhuān)有名詞在此段中較容易定位，找到的定位句只有一個(gè)Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s.但是通過(guò)選項(xiàng)只能排除C，定位句是觀(guān)點(diǎn)句，后面2句是對(duì)定位句的解釋。通過(guò)后面幾句的解釋不難得出答案為D。